Kupereka Whitepaper a
High-Level Overview ya Audio
Zosankha pa Raspberry Pi SBCs
Malingaliro a kampani Raspberry Pi Ltd
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© 2022-2025 Raspberry Pi Ltd
Zolembazi zili ndi chilolezo pansi pa Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND).
Mtundu wa 1.0
Tsiku lomanga: 28/05/2025
Chidziwitso chodziletsa chalamulo
DATA ZA NTCHITO NDI ZOKHULUPIRIKA ZA RASPBERRY PI PRODUCTs (KUphatikizirapo MA DATASHEETS) MONGA ZOSINTHAWIDWA NTHAWI NDI NTHAWI ("RESOURCES") IMAPEREKEDWA NDI RASPBERRY PI LTD ("RPL") "MOMWE ILIRI" NDI MAWU ALIYENSE KAPENA WOSAPATITSA NTCHITO, OSATI ZOTHANDIZA, KUTI, ZINTHU ZOTHANDIZA ZOKHUDZITSIDWA NDI KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO PA CHOLINGA ZINTHU ZINTHU ZINACHITIKA. Kufikira pamlingo wololedwa ndi lamulo lomwe silikupezeka pamwambowu , KAPENA PHINDU; KAPENA KUSONONGEDWA KWA Bzinesi) KOMA ZINACHITIKA NDI PA CHIPEMBEDZO CHONSE CHA NTCHITO, KAYA MU NTCHITO, ZINTHU ZOYENERA, KAPENA ZOPHUNZITSA (KUPHATIKIZAPO KUSABALALA KAPENA ZINTHU ZINTHU) ZAKUBWERA MUNJIRA ILIYONSE KUCHOKERA POGWIRITSA NTCHITO Upangiriwo, ZOSANGALATSA NGATI.
RPL ili ndi ufulu wopanga zowonjezera, kuwongolera, kuwongolera kapena kusintha kwina kulikonse ku RESOURCES kapena zinthu zilizonse zomwe zafotokozedwamo nthawi iliyonse popanda kuzindikira.
Ma RESOURCES amapangidwira ogwiritsa ntchito aluso omwe ali ndi milingo yoyenera ya chidziwitso cha mapangidwe. Ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi udindo wosankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito RESOURCES ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse kwazinthu zomwe zafotokozedwamo. Wogwiritsa akuvomera kubwezera ndi kusunga RPL kukhala yopanda vuto pazongongole zonse, ndalama, zowonongeka kapena zotayika zina zomwe zimabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito RESOURCES. RPL imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito RESOURCES molumikizana ndi zinthu za Raspberry Pi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina konse kwa RESOURCES ndikoletsedwa. Palibe chilolezo choperekedwa kwa RPL ina iliyonse kapena ufulu wina waluntha.
ZOCHITIKA ZOPANDA KWAMBIRI. Zogulitsa za Raspberry Pi sizinapangidwe, zopangidwa kapena zopangidwira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo owopsa omwe amafunikira kuti asagwire bwino ntchito, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya, kayendedwe ka ndege kapena njira zoyankhulirana, kayendetsedwe ka ndege, zida zankhondo kapena zida zofunikira pachitetezo (kuphatikiza machitidwe othandizira moyo ndi zida zina zamankhwala), momwe kulephera kwazinthuzo kungayambitse imfa, kuvulala kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwakuthupi kapena chilengedwe (") RPL imatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane chitsimikizo chilichonse chosonyeza kulimba kwa Zochitika Zowopsa Kwambiri ndipo savomereza mangawa ogwiritsira ntchito kapena kuphatikiza zinthu za Raspberry Pi mu High Risk Activities. Zogulitsa za Raspberry Pi zimaperekedwa malinga ndi RPL's Standard Terms. Kupereka kwa RPL kwa RESOURCES sikukulitsa kapena kusintha ma RPL Standard Terms kuphatikizira koma osalekeza pazoletsa ndi zitsimikizo zomwe zafotokozedwamo.
Mbiri yakale ya zolemba
| Kumasula | Tsiku | Kufotokozera |
| 1 | 1-Apr-25 | Kutulutsidwa koyamba |
Kuchuluka kwa chikalata
Chikalatachi chikugwira ntchito pazotsatira za Raspberry Pi:
| PI 0 | PI 1 | Pi2 | Pi3 | Pi4 | Pi400 | Pi5 | Pi500 | CM1 | CM3 | CM4 | CM5 | Pico | Pico2 | ||||
| 0 | W | H | A | B | A | B | B | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse | Zonse |
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mawu Oyamba
Kwa zaka zambiri, zosankha zomwe zilipo pakutulutsa mawu pa Raspberry Pi SBCs (makompyuta a bolodi limodzi) zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo momwe amathamangitsidwira ku mapulogalamu asintha.
Chikalatachi chidzadutsa njira zambiri zomwe zilipo kuti mutulutse mawu pa chipangizo chanu cha Raspberry Pi ndikupatsani malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zosankha zamawu kuchokera pakompyuta ndi pamzere wolamula.
Tsamba loyera ili likuganiza kuti chipangizo cha Raspberry Pi chikuyendetsa Raspberry Pi OS ndipo chilipo ndi firmware ndi ma maso aposachedwa.
Raspberry Pi audio hardware
HDMI
Ma Raspberry Pi SBC onse ali ndi cholumikizira cha HDMI chomwe chimathandizira ma audio a HDMI. Kulumikiza Rasipiberi Pi SBC yanu ku chowunikira kapena kanema wawayilesi wokhala ndi okamba kumathandizira kutulutsa mawu kwa HDMI kudzera mwa okambawo. Nyimbo za HDMI ndi chizindikiro cha digito chapamwamba kwambiri, kotero zotsatira zake zingakhale zabwino kwambiri, ndipo ma multichannel audio monga DTS amathandizidwa.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kanema wa HDMI koma mukufuna kuti siginecha yomvera igawike - mwachitsanzoample, ku ampLifier yomwe sigwirizana ndi kulowetsa kwa HDMI - ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida china chotchedwa splitter kuti mutulutse siginecha yamawu kuchokera ku siginecha ya HDMI. Izi zikhoza kukhala zodula, koma pali zina zomwe mungachite, ndipo izi zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Analogue PCM/3.5 mm jack
Mitundu ya Raspberry Pi ya B+, 2, 3, ndi 4 imakhala ndi 4-pole 3.5 mm audio jack yomwe imatha kuthandizira ma audio ndi makanema apakanema. Izi ndizotulutsa zamtundu wotsika kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chizindikiro cha PCM (pulse-code modulation), koma ndizoyeneranso kumakutu ndi olankhula pakompyuta.
ZINDIKIRANI
Palibe zotulutsa za analogue pa Raspberry Pi 5.
Zizindikiro za plug jack zimafotokozedwa patebulo lotsatirali, kuyambira kumapeto kwa chingwe mpaka kumapeto. Zingwe zilipo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, choncho onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zolondola.
| Jack gawo | Chizindikiro |
| Dzanja | Kanema |
| mphete 2 | Pansi |
| mphete 1 | Kulondola |
| Langizo | Kumanzere |
I2S-based adapter board
Mitundu yonse ya Raspberry Pi SBCs ili ndi zotumphukira za I2S zomwe zikupezeka pamutu wa GPIO. I2S ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi amtundu wa basi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zomvera za digito ndikulumikizana ndi data ya PCM pakati pa zotumphukira mu chipangizo chamagetsi. Raspberry Pi Ltd imapanga ma audio board osiyanasiyana omwe amalumikizana ndi mutu wa GPIO ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a I2S kusamutsa deta yomvera kuchokera ku SoC (dongosolo pa chip) kupita ku bolodi yowonjezera.
Zindikirani: Mabokosi owonjezera omwe amalumikizana kudzera pamutu wa GPIO ndikutsata zofunikira zomwe zimadziwika kuti HATs (Hardware Attached Pamwamba). Mafotokozedwe awo angapezeke apa: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/
Mitundu yonse ya ma HAT amawu imatha kuwoneka pa Raspberry Pi Ltd webtsamba: https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/
Palinso ma HAT ambiri a chipani chachitatu omwe amapezeka kuti azitulutsa mawu, a example ochokera ku Pimoroni, HiFiBerry, Adafruit, etc., ndipo izi zimapereka unyinji wazinthu zosiyanasiyana.
USB audio
Ngati sizingatheke kukhazikitsa HAT, kapena mukuyang'ana njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta yolumikizira jack plug kuti mutulutse headphone kapena maikolofoni, ndiye kuti USB audio adapter ndi yabwino. Izi ndi zida zosavuta, zotsika mtengo zomwe zimalumikiza imodzi mwamadoko a USB-A pa Raspberry Pi SBC.
Raspberry Pi OS imaphatikizapo madalaivala a audio ya USB mwachisawawa; chipangizo chikangolumikizidwa, chikuyenera kuwonekera pamenyu yazida yomwe imawonekera pomwe chizindikiro cha sipika pa taskbar chadina kumanja.
Dongosololi lizindikiranso ngati chipangizo cha USB cholumikizidwa chili ndi maikolofoni ndikuyika chithandizo choyenera.
bulutufi
Mauthenga a Bluetooth amatanthauza kutumiza opanda zingwe kwa deta yamawu kudzera muukadaulo wa Bluetooth, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Imathandizira Raspberry Pi SBC kuti ilankhule ndi okamba ma Bluetooth ndi mahedifoni / makutu, kapena chida chilichonse chomvera chothandizidwa ndi Bluetooth. Mtunduwu ndi waufupi - pafupifupi 10 m pazipita.
Zipangizo za Bluetooth ziyenera 'kuphatikizidwa' ndi Raspberry Pi SBC ndipo ziziwoneka pazokonda pakompyuta izi zikachitika. Bluetooth imayikidwa mwachisawawa pa Raspberry Pi OS, ndi logo ya Bluetooth yomwe ikuwonekera pa batani lazakompyuta pazida zilizonse zomwe zili ndi zida za Bluetooth zomwe zayikidwa (mwina zomangidwa mkati kapena kudzera pa Bluetooth USB dongle). Bluetooth ikayatsidwa, chithunzicho chidzakhala chabuluu; ikayimitsidwa, chithunzicho chimakhala chotuwa.
Thandizo la mapulogalamu
Pulogalamu yoyambira yothandizira ma audio yasintha kwambiri pachithunzi chonse cha Raspberry Pi OS, ndipo, kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, zosinthazi zimakhala zowonekera. Makina oyambira amawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito anali ALSA. Pulse Audio idalowa m'malo mwa ALSA, isanasinthidwe ndi makina apano, omwe amatchedwa Pipe Wire. Dongosololi lili ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana ndi Pulse Audio, ndi API yogwirizana, koma ilinso ndi zowonjezera zogwirira ntchito ndi makanema ndi zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuphatikiza mavidiyo ndi ma audio kukhala kosavuta. Chifukwa Pipe Wire imagwiritsa ntchito API yofanana ndi Pulse Audio, zida za Pulse Audio zimagwira ntchito bwino pamakina a Pipe Wire.
Zida izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kaleampizi m'munsimu.
Kuti chithunzicho chikhale chotsika, Raspberry Pi OS Lite imagwiritsabe ntchito ALSA kuti ipereke chithandizo cha audio ndipo sichiphatikiza ma Pipe Wire, Pulse Audio, kapena malaibulale omvera a Bluetooth. Komabe, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa malaibulale oyenerera kuti muwonjezere zomwe zikufunika, ndipo njirayi ikufotokozedwanso pansipa.
Pakompyuta
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, zomvera zimayendetsedwa kudzera pa chithunzi cha speaker pa desktop taskbar. Kudina kumanzere pachizindikirocho kumabweretsa slider ya voliyumu ndi batani losalankhula, pomwe kudina kumanja kumabweretsa mndandanda wa zida zomvera zomwe zilipo. Ingodinani pa chipangizo chomvera chomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Palinso njira, kudzera kumanja-kumanja, kusintha ovomerezafiles amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chipangizo chilichonse. Izi profiles nthawi zambiri amapereka milingo yosiyana.
Ngati chithandizo cha maikolofoni chayatsidwa, chizindikiro cha maikolofoni chidzawonekera pamenyu; kudina kumanja pa izi kudzabweretsa zosankha za maikolofoni, monga kusankha zida zolowetsa, pomwe kudina kumanzere kumabweretsa zoikamo zolowera.
bulutufi
Kuti mugwirizane ndi chipangizo cha Bluetooth, dinani kumanzere pa chithunzi cha Bluetooth pa taskbar, kenako sankhani 'Onjezani Chipangizo'. Dongosololi lidzayamba kuyang'ana zida zomwe zilipo, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa munjira ya 'Discover' kuti muwone. Dinani pa chipangizocho chikawonekera pamndandanda ndipo zidazo ziyenera kulumikizana. Mukaphatikizana, chipangizo chomvera chidzawonekera pamenyu, yomwe imasankhidwa podina chizindikiro cha wokamba pa taskbar.
Mzere wolamula
Chifukwa Pipe Wire imagwiritsa ntchito API yofanana ndi Pulse Audio, malamulo ambiri a Pulse Audio amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zomvera pa Pipe Wire. pacts ndiye njira yokhazikika yowongolera Pulse Audio: lembani man pactl pamzere wolamula kuti mumve zambiri.
Zofunikira za Raspberry Pi OS Lite
Pakuyika kwathunthu kwa Raspberry Pi OS, zolemba zonse zofunikira zamalamulo ndi malaibulale zidakhazikitsidwa kale. Pa mtundu wa Lite, komabe, Pipe Wire sinayikidwe mwachisawawa ndipo iyenera kuyikidwa pamanja kuti izitha kuseweranso mawu.
Kukhazikitsa malaibulale ofunikira a Pipe Wire pa Raspberry Pi OS Lite, chonde lowetsani izi: sudo apt install pipewire pipewire-pulse pipewire-audio pulseaudio-utils Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ALSA, muyeneranso kukhazikitsa izi: sudo apt install pipewire-alsa
Kuyambiranso pambuyo kukhazikitsa ndi njira yosavuta yopezera zonse.
Kusewerera mawu examples
Onetsani mndandanda wamamodule amtundu wa Pulse omwe adayikidwa mwachidule (mawonekedwe aatali ali ndi zambiri ndipo ndizovuta kuwerenga): $ pactl list modules yochepa Onetsani mndandanda wamasinki a Pulse Audio mwachidule:
$ pactl mndandanda wafupika
Pa Rasipiberi Pi 5 yolumikizidwa ndi chowunikira cha HDMI chokhala ndi mawu omangika komanso khadi yowonjezera ya USB, lamulo ili limapereka zotsatirazi: $ pactl list imamira mwachidule.
179 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Waya s32le 2ch 48000Hz WOYIMITSIDWA 265 alsa_output.usb-C-Media_Electronics_Inc._USB_PnP_0peo-Sound-0peout_Deout-Deo s16le 2ch 48000Hz AYIMIDWA
ZINDIKIRANI
Raspberry Pi 5 alibe analogue kunja.
Pakuyika kwa Raspberry Pi OS Lite pa Rasipiberi Pi 4 - yomwe ili ndi HDMI ndi analogue kunja - izi zabwezedwa: $ pactl list ikucheperachepera.
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz AYIMItsidwa
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Waya s32le 2ch 48000Hz WOYIMITSIDWA
Kuti muwonetse ndikusintha sinki yokhazikika kukhala ma audio a HDMI (pozindikira kuti ikhoza kukhala yosasintha) pakukhazikitsa kwa Raspberry Pi OS Lite, lembani:
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback
$ pactl set-default-sink 70
$ pactl get-default-sink
alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo
Kusewera ngatiampinde, imayenera kukwezedwa ku sample cache, pamenepa pa sinki yokhazikika. Mutha kusintha sinkiyo powonjezera dzina lake kumapeto kwa pactl play-sampndi command:
$ pactl upload-sampndi sampndi.mp3sampine
$ pactl play-sampndi sampine
Pali lamulo la Pulse Audio lomwe ndi losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuseweranso mawu:
$ paplay sampku.mp3
pactl ili ndi mwayi woyika voliyumu yoseweranso. Chifukwa desktop imagwiritsa ntchito zida za Pulse Audio kuti mupeze ndikuyika zidziwitso zamawu, kuchitidwa kwa zosintha za mzere wamalamulo kudzawonekeranso pa slider ya voliyumu pakompyuta.
Ex iziample amachepetsa voliyumu ndi 10%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10%
Ex iziamptiyike voliyumu ku 50%:
$ pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ 50%
Pali malamulo ambiri a Pulse Audio omwe sanatchulidwe apa. Pulse Audio webtsamba (https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/) ndi masamba a munthu pa lamulo lililonse amapereka zambiri zokhudza dongosolo.
bulutufi
Kuwongolera Bluetooth kuchokera pamzere wolamula kungakhale njira yovuta. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito Raspberry Pi OS Lite, malamulo oyenera adayikidwa kale. Lamulo lothandiza kwambiri ndi bluetoothctl, ndi ena exampzina zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito zaperekedwa pansipa.
Pangani chipangizochi kuti chizidziwika pazida zina:
$ bluetoothctl zopezeka pa
Pangani chipangizochi kuti chifanane ndi zida zina:
$ bluetoothctl yolumikizana nayo
Jambulani zida za Bluetooth mumitundu yosiyanasiyana:
$ bluetoothctl scan pa
Zimitsani kusanja:
$ bluetoothctl scan off bluetoothctl ilinso ndi njira yolumikizirana, yomwe imapemphedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo popanda magawo. Example imayendetsa njira yolumikizirana, pomwe mndandanda wamalamulo umalowetsedwa ndi zotsatira zikuwonetsedwa, pa Raspberry Pi 4 yomwe ikuyenda Raspberry Pi OS Lite Bookworm: $ bluetoothctl
Wothandizira adalembetsa
[bluetooth]# mndandanda
Wowongolera D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Pi4Lite [chosasinthika] [bluetooth]#
Tsopano mukhoza kulemba malamulo mu womasulira ndipo iwo adzaphedwa. Njira yofananira ndi, ndiyeno kulumikizana nayo, chipangizo chikhoza kuwerenga motere: $ bluetoothctl
Wothandizira adalembetsa [bluetooth]# kupezeka pa
Kusintha kopezeka kwatheka
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Zopezeka pa [bluetooth]# yolumikizana pa
Kusintha awiriwo kwatheka
[CHG] Controller D8:3A:DD:3B:00:00 Zophatikizika pa [bluetooth]# sikani pa
< ikhoza kukhala mndandanda wautali wa zida zomwe zili pafupi>
[bluetooth]# awiri [adiresi ya Mac ya chipangizo, kuchokera pa scan scan kapena pa chipangizo chomwe, mumpangidwe xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx] [bluetooth]# sikeni
[bluetooth]# lumikiza [adilesi ya mac yomweyo] Chipangizo cha Bluetooth chiyenera kuwonekera pamndandanda wamasinki, monga tawonera kale.ampkuchokera ku kukhazikitsa kwa Raspberry Pi OS Lite:
$ pactl mndandanda wafupika
69 alsa_output.platform-bcm2835_audio.stereo-fallback Pipe Wire s16le 2ch 48000Hz AYIMItsidwa
70 alsa_output.platform-107c701400.hdmi.hdmi-stereo Pipe Waya s32le 2ch 48000Hz WOYIMITSIDWA
71 bluez_output.CA_3A_B2_CA_7C_55.1 Pipe Waya s32le 2ch 48000Hz WOYIMITSIDWA
$ pactl set-default-sink 71
$ paplayample_audio_file>
Tsopano mutha kupanga izi kukhala zosasintha ndikuseweranso zomvera pamenepo.
Mapeto
Pali njira zingapo zopangira zomvera kuchokera ku zida za Raspberry Pi Ltd, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito. Buku loyerali lafotokoza njirazi ndipo limapereka zambiri za ambiri aiwo. Tikukhulupirira kuti upangiri womwe waperekedwa pano uthandiza wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kusankha njira yoyenera yotulutsa mawu pa polojekiti yawo. Exampza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito makina omvera aperekedwa, koma owerenga ayang'ane m'mabuku ndi masamba a anthu kuti apeze malamulo a audio ndi Bluetooth kuti adziwe zambiri.
Raspberry Pi ndi chizindikiro cha Raspberry Pi Ltd
Malingaliro a kampani Raspberry Pi Ltd
Zolemba / Zothandizira
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