Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual

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Arduino Uno ndi bolodi yowongolera ma microcontroller yochokera pa ATmega328 (datasheet). Ili ndi zikhomo 14 za digito / zotulutsa (zomwe 6 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotulutsa za PWM), zolowetsa 6 za analogi, 16 MHz crystal oscillator, kulumikizana kwa USB, jack mphamvu, mutu wa ICSP, ndi batani lokhazikitsiranso. Lili ndi zonse zofunika kuthandizira microcontroller; ingolumikizani ku kompyuta ndi chingwe cha USB kapena muyipatse mphamvu ndi adaputala ya AC-to-DC kapena batire kuti muyambe. Uno amasiyana ndi matabwa onse am'mbuyomu chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha FTDI USB-to-serial driver. M'malo mwake, imakhala ndi Atmega8U2 yokonzedwa ngati chosinthira cha USB-to-serial. "Uno" amatanthauza imodzi mu Chitaliyana ndipo amatchulidwa kuti akuwonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa Arduino 1.0. Uno ndi mtundu 1.0 ukhala mitundu yofotokozera ya Arduino, kupita patsogolo. Uno ndi waposachedwa kwambiri pama board a USB Arduino, komanso chitsanzo cha nsanja ya Arduino; kuti mufananize ndi matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu, onani index ya matabwa a Arduino.

Chidule

• Microcontroller ATmega328
• Opaleshoni VoltagE 5V
• Lowetsani Voltage (ovomerezeka) 7-12V
• Lowetsani Voltage (malire) 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins 14 (yomwe 6 imapereka zotuluka za PWM)
• Zolowetsa za Analogi 6
• DC Yapano pa I/O Pin 40 mA
• DC Yapano ya 3.3V Pin 50 mA
• Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) pomwe 0.5 KB imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chojambulira
• SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Kuthamanga kwa Clock 16 MHz

Schematic & Reference Design
Mphungu files: Arduino-uno-reference-design.zip
Pulogalamu: arduino-uno-schematic.pdf

Mphamvu

Arduino Uno imatha kuyendetsedwa ndi chingwe cha USB kapena ndi magetsi akunja. Mphamvu ya gwero imasankhidwa yokha. Mphamvu zakunja (zosakhala za USB) zitha kubwera kuchokera ku adapter ya AC-to-DC (wall-wart) kapena batire. Adaputala imatha kulumikizidwa polumikiza pulagi yabwino pakati pa 2.1mm mu jack power jack. Zotsogola zochokera ku batri zitha kuyikidwa pamutu wa Gnd ndi Vin wa cholumikizira POWER. Gululi limatha kugwira ntchito pamagetsi akunja a 6 mpaka 20 volts. Ngati iperekedwa ndi zosakwana 7V, komabe, pini ya 5V ikhoza kupereka ma volts osakwana asanu ndipo bolodi ikhoza kukhala yosakhazikika. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito kuposa 12V, voltage regulator akhoza kutenthedwa ndi kuwononga bolodi. Mtundu wovomerezeka ndi 7 mpaka 12 volts.
Ma pini amagetsi ndi awa:

• VIN. Kulowetsa voltage kupita ku bolodi la Arduino pamene ikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja (mosiyana ndi 5 volts kuchokera ku USB kapena gwero lina lamagetsi). Mutha kupereka voltage kudzera pa pini iyi, kapena, ngati akupereka voltage kudzera pa jack power, ipezeni kudzera pa pini iyi.
• 5 V. Mphamvu zoyendetsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu microcontroller ndi zida zina pa bolodi. Izi zitha kubwera kuchokera ku VIN kudzera pa chowongolera pa board, kapena kuperekedwa ndi USB kapena 5V ina yoyendetsedwa ndi XNUMXV.
• 3v3 ndi. Mphamvu ya 3.3-volt imapangidwa ndi owongolera onboard. Kujambula kwakukulu komweko ndi 50 mA.
• GND. Zikhomo zapansi.

Memory
ATmega328 ili ndi 32 KB (yomwe ili ndi 0.5 KB yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa bootloader). Ilinso ndi 2 KB ya SRAM ndi 1 KB ya EEPROM (yomwe imatha kuwerengedwa ndi kulembedwa ndi laibulale ya EEPROM).

Zolowetsa ndi Zotulutsa

Iliyonse mwa ma pin 14 a digito pa Uno itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholowetsa kapena chotulutsa, pogwiritsa ntchito pinMode(), digitalWrite(), ndi digitalRead() ntchito. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa 5 volts. Pini iliyonse imatha kupereka kapena kulandira kuchuluka kwa 40 mA ndipo imakhala ndi chopinga chamkati (chosalumikizidwa mwachisawawa) cha 20-50 kOhms. Kuphatikiza apo, mapini ena ali nawo
ntchito zapadera:

• Seri: 0 (RX) ndi 1 (TX). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polandila (RX) ndi kutumiza (TX) TTL serial data. Mapiniwa amalumikizidwa ndi mapini ofanana a ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip.
• Zosokoneza Zakunja: 2 ndi 3. Zikhomozi zikhoza kukonzedwa kuti ziyambitse kusokoneza pamtengo wotsika, kukwera kapena kutsika, kapena kusintha kwa mtengo. Onani ntchito ya attachInterrupt () kuti mudziwe zambiri.
• PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, ndi 11. Perekani zotsatira za 8-bit PWM ndi ntchito ya analogWrite ().
• SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). Zikhomozi zimathandizira kulumikizana kwa SPI pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya SPI.
• LED: 13. Pali LED yomangidwa yolumikizidwa ndi pini ya digito 13. Pamene pini ili ndi mtengo WAKULU, LED imayatsa, pamene pini ili LOW, yatha.

Uno ili ndi zolowetsa 6 za analogi, zolembedwa A0 kudzera pa A5, iliyonse yomwe imapereka ma 10 bits of resolution (ie 1024 milingo yosiyanasiyana). Mwachikhazikitso amayezera kuchokera pansi kupita ku 5 volts, ngakhale ndizotheka kusintha mapeto apamwamba amtundu wawo pogwiritsa ntchito pini ya AREF ndi ntchito ya analogReference()? Kuphatikiza apo, ma pini ena ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apadera:

• I2C: 4 (SDA) ndi 5 (SCL). Thandizani kulumikizana kwa I2C (TWI) pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya Wire. Pali maphikidwe ena awiri pa bolodi:
• AREF. Reference voltage kwa zolowetsa za analogi. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi analogReference ().
• Bwezerani. Bweretsani mzerewu LOW kuti mukonzenso microcontroller. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera batani lokhazikitsiranso zishango zomwe zimatsekereza zomwe zili pa bolodi.
• Onaninso mapu apakati pa mapini a Arduino ndi madoko a ATmega328?

Kulankhulana

Arduino UNO ili ndi malo angapo olankhulirana ndi kompyuta, Arduino ina, kapena ma microcontrollers ena. ATmega328 imapereka mauthenga amtundu wa UART TTL (5V), omwe amapezeka pamapini a digito 0 (RX) ndi 1 (TX). ATmega8U2 pa board imathandizira kulumikizana kwamtunduwu pa USB ndipo imawoneka ngati doko lofikira pamapulogalamu apakompyuta. Firmware ya '8U2 imagwiritsa ntchito madalaivala wamba a USB COM ndipo palibe woyendetsa wakunja amafunikira. Komabe, pa Windows, a .inf file chofunika. Pulogalamu ya Arduino imaphatikizapo chowunikira chomwe chimalola kuti zolemba zosavuta zitumizidwe ndikuchokera ku board ya Arduino. Ma LED a RX ndi TX pa bolodi adzawala pamene deta ikutumizidwa kudzera pa USB-to-serial chip ndi USB kulumikiza pakompyuta (koma osati kulankhulana kwachinsinsi pa pini 0 ndi 1). Laibulale ya SoftwareSerial imalola kulumikizana kosalekeza pazikhomo zilizonse za Uno. ATmega328 imathandiziranso kulumikizana kwa I2C (TWI) ndi SPI. Pulogalamu ya Arduino imaphatikizapo laibulale ya Waya kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito basi ya I2C; onani zolembedwa kuti mudziwe zambiri. Pakulankhulana kwa SPI, gwiritsani ntchito laibulale ya SPI.

Kupanga mapulogalamu

Arduino Uno imatha kupangidwa ndi pulogalamu ya Arduino (tsitsani). Sankhani "Arduino Uno kuchokera ku Zida> Board menyu (malinga ndi microcontroller pa bolodi lanu). Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani zolemba ndi maphunziro. ATmega328 pa Arduino Uno imabwera yowotchedwa kale ndi bootloader yomwe imakulolani kuti muyikeko code yatsopano popanda kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yakunja ya hardware. Imalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito protocol yoyambirira ya STK500 (reference, C mutu files). Mukhozanso kudutsa bootloader ndikukonzekera microcontroller kudzera pamutu wa ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming); onani malangizo awa kuti mumve zambiri. Khodi ya firmware ya ATmega8U2 ikupezeka. ATmega8U2 yodzaza ndi DFU bootloader, yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa ndikulumikiza chodumphira kumbuyo kwa bolodi (pafupi ndi mapu a Italy) ndikukhazikitsanso 8U2. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Atmel's FLIP (Windows) kapena pulogalamu ya DFU (Mac OS X ndi Linux) kuti mutsegule firmware yatsopano. Kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wa ISP ndi pulogalamu yakunja (kulembanso DFU bootloader). Onani phunziroli lothandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kuti mumve zambiri.

Bwezeraninso Auto (Mapulogalamu).

M'malo mongofunika kukanikiza batani lokhazikitsiranso musanayike, Arduino Uno idapangidwa m'njira yomwe imalola kuti ikhazikitsidwenso ndi mapulogalamu omwe akuyenda pakompyuta yolumikizidwa. Imodzi mwa mizere yowongolera ma hardware (DTR) ya ATmega8U2 imalumikizidwa ndi mzere wobwezeretsanso wa ATmega328 kudzera pa 100 nano farad capacitor. Pamene mzerewu utsimikiziridwa (kutengedwa pansi), mzere wokonzanso umatsika motalika kuti ukonzenso chip. Pulogalamu ya Arduino imagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti ikuloleni kuti muyike kachidindo pongodina batani lokweza pamalo a Arduino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bootloader ikhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yayifupi, chifukwa kutsika kwa DTR kungagwirizane bwino ndikuyamba kukweza.

Kukonzekera uku kuli ndi zina. Uno ikalumikizidwa ndi kompyuta yomwe ikuyenda ndi Mac OS X kapena Linux, imakhazikitsanso nthawi iliyonse pomwe ilumikizidwa ndi pulogalamu (kudzera pa USB). Kwa theka lachiwiri kapena kupitilira apo, bootloader ikugwira ntchito pa Uno. Ngakhale idakonzedwa kuti isanyalanyaze data yosasinthika (ie chilichonse kupatula kutsitsa ma code atsopano), imasokoneza ma byte angapo oyamba omwe amatumizidwa ku bolodi kulumikizana kukatsegulidwa. Ngati sketch yomwe ikuyenda pa bolodi imalandira kasinthidwe ka nthawi imodzi kapena deta ina ikayamba, onetsetsani kuti mapulogalamu omwe amalankhulana nawo akudikirira kwa sekondi imodzi mutatha kutsegula kugwirizana komanso musanatumize deta iyi. Uno uli ndi trace yomwe imatha kudulidwa kuti mulepheretse kubwezeretsanso. Mapadi kumbali zonse za trace amatha kugulitsidwa palimodzi kuti ayambitsenso. Imatchedwa "RESET-EN". Mukhozanso kuletsa kukonzanso galimoto mwa kulumikiza 110-ohm resistor kuchokera ku 5V kupita ku mzere wokonzanso; onani ulusi wa forum kuti mumve zambiri.

Chitetezo cha USB Overcurrent
Arduino Uno ili ndi fuse yosinthika yosinthika yomwe imateteza madoko a USB a kompyuta yanu ku akabudula ndi ma overcurrent. Ngakhale makompyuta ambiri amapereka chitetezo chawo chamkati, fuseyi imapereka chitetezo chowonjezera. Ngati kupitilira 500 mA kuyikidwa pa doko la USB, fusesiyo imangosokoneza kulumikizana mpaka kufupika kapena kuchulukira kuchotsedwa.

Makhalidwe Athupi

Kutalika kwakukulu ndi m'lifupi mwa PCB ya Uno ndi 2.7 ndi 2.1 mainchesi motero, ndi cholumikizira cha USB ndi jack yamphamvu yomwe imadutsa mbali yakale. Mabowo anayi a screw amalola kuti bolodi imangiridwe pamwamba kapena chikwama. Dziwani kuti mtunda wapakati pa mapini a digito 7 ndi 8 ndi 160 mil (0.16″), osati ngakhale kuchulukitsa kwa ma 100 mil matayala a mapini ena.

Arduino UNO Reference Design

Zopangira Zolozera AMAPEREKA "MOMWE ILIRI" NDI "NDI ZONSE ZONSE". Arduino IMASINTHA ZONSE ZONSE, KULAMBIRA KAPENA ZOTHANDIZA, Arduino ikhoza kusintha mafotokozedwe ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu nthawi iliyonse, popanda chidziwitso. Makasitomala sayenera kusamala za PRODUCT, KUPHATIKIZAPO KOMA ZOSAKHALA MALIRE, ZINTHU ZOTI ZIMAGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO KAPENA KUKHALIRA PA CHOLINGA ENA zimadalira kusakhalapo kapena mawonekedwe azinthu zilizonse kapena malangizo olembedwa kuti "osungika" kapena "osafotokozedwa." Arduino amasungira izi kuti afotokoze zamtsogolo ndipo sadzakhala ndi udindo uliwonse pa mikangano kapena zosagwirizana zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwamtsogolo kwa iwo. Zambiri zamalonda pa Web Tsamba kapena Zida zitha kusintha popanda chidziwitso. Osamaliza kupanga ndi chidziwitso ichi.

Tsitsani PDF: Arduino ATMEGA328 SMD Breadboard User Manual

Maumboni

• Buku Logwiritsa Ntchito